Introduction & objective: Theory and practice are two sides of a coin and together must be considered as a whole. The link between theory and practice is necessary for professional nursing care. One of the successful nursing models is Roy adaptation model that has been used frequently in different situations and broach about useful outcomes. The goal of this study is to determine the brought to the APPLICATION of Roy model in Iran clinical situations.Methods: A questionnaire was made about Roy model APPLICATION BARRIERS by using the influential the educators references about nursing theories. Then it was used to assess the opinion of nursing students, and the lectures about the present BARRIERS.Results: 30 MA and 6 ph.D nursing students, 20 educators (holding MA) and 5 nursing lecturers (ph.D) filled in the questionnaire. 64% of the students and 30% of the lecturers agreed with the existence of sociocultural BARRIERS. 100% of the students and the lecturers and 74% of the educators agreed with the existence of knowledge and awareness BARRIERS. 64% of the students, 66% of the lecturers and 74% of the educators agreed with the existence of executive BARRIERS.Discussion: At the end of the study, a scheme was proposed to show how we can use the Roy model in spite of the existing BARRIERS in its APPLICATION in different clinical situations in Iran.

The purpose of this research was to study of BARRIERS to the adoption and APPLICATION of ICT in primary schools from the viewpoint of teachers in Babol. The statistical population of this study was primary school teachers in public schools in Babol city in the academic year 96-97. Using systematic random sampling 280 persons were selected as sample. A researcher made questionnaire (BARRIERS to adoption and use of ICT) was used to collect data. The Content validity using CVR is 0. 90 and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was also obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 90. SPSS software and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the priority of motivational, skill, educational and cultural infrastructure BARRIERS from the viewpoint of teachers in Babol is the BARRIERS to the adoption of ICT. In addition, BARRIERS to the APPLICATION of ICT are considered as the priority of BARRIERS of technical equipment, attitudes, educational BARRIERS and human BARRIERS from the viewpoint of teachers in Babol is the BARRIERS to the APPLICATION of ICT. Information technology in the education is a culture, a program and an educational process that requires cultural foundation and the transfer of information technology culture. Accordingly, the educational system should be addressed by addressing BARRIERS to admission and APPLICATION by teachers as an important element in the educational system.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing APPLICATIONs, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

The desert areas of the playas are important due to the diversity of geomorphological landforms and the great potential for geo-tourism development. These areas can be provided using statistical and quantitative models to determine the areas with a higher geomorphological diversity value to land planners for the sustainable development. This research was conducted to evaluate the geomorphodiversity in Mesileh playas in Namak Lake and Hoz-e- Sultan region. The geomorphological landforms in this area were extracted using satellite images and field studies, Fragstats software and the eight quantitative indicators of the landscape metrics include Patch Richness Density, Relative Patch Richness, Simpsons Evenness Index, Index Shannon Evenness, Shannons Diversity Index, Simpson's Diversity Index, Modified Simpson's Diversity Index, Modified Sahanon Evenness Index were exerted to evaluate the richness of geomorphological units in Masileh playas. The results indicate that the geomorphological units of alluvial fans, salt flats, salt mud flats and dunes, respectively, have the highest value among the landscape metrics. In addition, from the point of view of the landscape metrics, the northwest regions of Kashan and Abuzeydabad have the most incredible variety of geomorphology. This research showed that geomorphological units could be used as a suitable indicator in evaluating the diversity of the landscape, especially in flat areas with morphometric and geological diversity.

Gene therapy is a therapeutic approach to deliver genetic material into cells to alter their function in entire organism. One promising form of gene delivery system (DDS) is liposomes. The success of liposome-mediated gene delivery is a multifactorial issue and well-designed liposomal systems might lead to optimized gene transfection particularly in vivo. Liposomal gene delivery systems face different BARRIERS from their site of APPLICATION to their target, which is inside the cells. These BARRIERS include presystemic obstacles (epithelial BARRIERS), systemic BARRIERS in blood circulation and cellular BARRIERS. Epithelial BARRIERS differ depending on the route of administration. Systemic BARRIERS include enzymatic degradation, binding and opsonisation. Both of these BARRIERS can act as limiting hurdles that genetic material and their vector should overcome before reaching the cells. Finally liposomes should overcome cellular BARRIERS that include cell entrance, endosomal escape and nuclear uptake. These BARRIERS and their impact on liposomal gene delivery will be discussed in this review.

The rapid world economic growth has driven the businessestowards involvement in international marketplaces due tolower business risks, lower commitment of resources, andhigher flexibility of these markets. However, evidence indicatesthat BARRIERS to exportation vary across different stages of internationalization. Therefore, this empirical study was carriedout to explore exportation BARRIERS of agricultural commodities, especially honey, in Iran. Based on an explorative literaturereview, several factors were considered as export BARRIERS ofagricultural commodities. These BARRIERS were provided to asample of 20 honey exporters in Ardabil province using aquestionnaire. After collecting and analyzing the data, 21factors were identified as the important BARRIERS to honeyexport. A graph theory-based technique (DEMATEL) withfeedback structure was used to explore the direct and indirecteffects of BARRIERS on the other BARRIERS and the whole system. The results indicate that adjusting export promotion activities, lack of home government assistance/incentives, shortage ofworking capital to finance exports, high tariff and nontariffBARRIERS, different foreign customer habits/attitudes are themost critical BARRIERS in the order of importance.

In this paper, a novel LNA design based on improved noise cancellation technique in the frequency range of 27 to 31 GHz.is presented The proposed LNA is suitable for millimeter wave 5G wireless communication. The first stage of this two-stage LNA is designed with noise cancelation approach to decrease the noise figure of the system. In order to improve the design method, we utilizes a negative feedback by implementing a couple inductor with a transformer connection. The negative feedback provides an acceptable input matching and control the gain to increase the band width. The cascode structure is used in the second stage for its higher gain and stability and better reverse isolation at millimeter wave frequency. Furthermore, an inductor is utilized to boost the gain with neutralizing the capacitance of node between two transistors in a cascode structure. The CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) is utilized to provide a high level of integration and low power consumption with the minimum cost. The proposed LNA is designed with 130 nm CMOS technology and has 22.14 dB gain with 1.86 dB noise figure at 29 GHz. The 3-dB bandwidth of the designed LNA is 4 GHz (14%) and its DC power consumption is 33.4 mW. The IIP3 is -16dBm and input reflection coefficient is better than -10dBm in the frequency range of interest. The proposed LNA is simulated by ADS software.

Proteins play significant roles in our lives. Any even very negligible change in one or more proteins can somehow lead to a very life-threatening result. Because of this great range of functions and effects in our bodies, protein is one of the most interesting fields of research.In the recent years, genetic engineering developments by joining two or more proteins together, regardless of their origin, aled to a novel field of protein studies, called Fusion Proteins. Chimeric monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent vaccines have been the fruits of this technology. Etanercept is the first commercialized Fc-fusion protein approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Many metabolic and hereditary diseases unresponsive to usual drugs can be cured by fusion proteins. These engineered polypeptides are successful in lessening cost and procedure time in medical diagnostic kits, especiallywhere detection of more than one antigen is needed. Despite these benefits and a good outlook, many issues still make serious BARRIERS for these products to be entered intothe market. In this article s pharmaceutical fusion proteins, their production challenges and promising future will be discussed.

Background: Identifying perceived access BARRIERS to preventive dental services is one of the basic steps to improve the public health.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the perceived BARRIERS affecting access to preventive dental services in one of Tehran dental clinics in 2012.Patients and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted in one of Tehran dental clinics in 2012 using decision–making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The study sample included all patients (100 patients) who had referred to the endodontic treatment department from 26 - 31 May, 2012. The required data were collected using a questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and MATLAB 7.9.0 SPSSS 18.0, as well as, some descriptive and analytical tests including Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), and Independent T- Test.Results: The five determinants of cost, inconvenience, fear, organization, and patient-dentist relationship were determined as BARRIERS to access to dental services among which the cost and patient-dentist relationship were identified as the first and last priorities with the coordinates (1.4 and 1.4) and (1.25 and-0.65), respectively.Conclusions: High cost of dental care has led to not referring patients to the clinic. Oral health costs are too high; however insurance organizations have no commitment to support such services. Policymakers, administrators, and insurance organizations have a major role in improving access to dental services. These decision-makers in making their policies can provide the required financial resources, shift the available resources towards preventive care and periodic checkups, and consider providing proper and sufficient places for dental care facilities.